Darius the king. “Darius the king” was Darius Hystaspes, who ruled the Persian empire from 521 to 486 b.c., also known as “Darius the Great.”

by Haggai. Haggai preceded Zechariah and then Malachi as the three post-exilic prophets, ministering to the returning Jews who rebuilt Jerusalem and its temple. Both Haggai and his younger contemporary, Zechariah, are mentioned in Ezra 5:1 and 6:14. Haggai was probably very old when he wrote his short book—the shortest Old Testament book except Obadiah—and the only two-chapter book in the Bible.

Zerubbabel. Zerubbabel the governor had led the first contingent of returning exiles from Babylon, following the decree of Cyrus (Ezra 1:2; 2:2). Here, he is called “the son of Shealtiel (or Salathiel),” whereas 1 Chronicles 3:17-19 indicates that Salathiel was his uncle, with Pedaiah his father. A possible explanation is that Salathiel became his “foster father,” as it were, after Pedaiah died. Another possibility is that, through a Levirate marriage (as described in Deuteronomy 25:5, 6), Shealtiel died without a son, and Pedaiah married his widow, giving their first-born son the name of Shealtiel as his legal father.

time is not come. The temple had been started soon after the edict of Cyrus in 536 b.c., but opposition in the land and other problems had discouraged the people and they soon quit building, with the temple still very incomplete (Ezra 4:24). This was the occasion for Haggai's prophecy. Darius also renewed Cyrus' authorization (Ezra 6:1-14) to continue the work, and the temple project was soon resumed and finally finished.

cieled house. The “cieled” houses were paneled with fine woods normally found only in palaces.

Consider your ways. This is the first of five admonitions in Haggai's brief prophecy to “consider” what they were doing (Haggai 1:5, 7; 2:15, 18).

bring in little. The good citizens of Jerusalem had been called by God to rebuild His temple, but they had quickly turned aside to build comfortable homes for themselves, unwilling to combat the opposition of the Lord's enemies. God, therefore, had withdrawn His blessing. A severe drought came (Haggai 1:11), along with other problems, and their apparent prosperity soon turned to dust. All of God's people need to learn and obey the admonition of the Lord to “seek ... first the kingdom of God,” (Matthew 6:33) trusting Him to take care of their material needs.

The Lord's messenger. Haggai's message did, indeed, stir Zerubbabel and Joshua (the political and spiritual leaders of the people), as well as all the people, to work again on the Lord's house, and then the Lord blessed them again. The younger prophet Zechariah also was preaching a similar message (Zechariah 1:1-6; 4:8-9; 9:9-17).